The cartoon reflects that fact that Taft possessed the power of patronage, which kept many state party organizations loyal to the president. Although 1912 was the first presidential contest in American history in which popular primaries played a key role, many delegates were still chosen by the state parties. Roosevelt knew his only hope for the nomination was to do well in the primaries, which allowed voters to cast ballots directly for their preferred candidates. Roosevelt won 9 of 12 primaries—Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio (Taft’s home state), Illinois, Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, and California—and only lost to Taft in Massachusetts and to Senator Robert La Follette in Wisconsin and North Dakota. The former president won 51% of the total primary vote to Taft’s 33.5% and La Follette’s 15.5%. However, since the incumbent president did well in non-primary states, the delegate count on the eve of the convention was: 432 for Roosevelt, 326 for Taft, and 41 for La Follette. Most contested delegates were awarded to Taft, allowing him to win the nomination.