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Republican Presidential Candidates |
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"General Grant’s Sedan ____?" |
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Cartoonist: Thomas Nast |
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Source: Harper's Weekly |
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Date:
May 1, 1880, p. 273
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Click to see a large version of this cartoon |
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Complete HarpWeek Explanation:
After three years of retirement, including two spent on a widely-reported and
well-received world tour, former president Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877) was
ready to return to the White House. Grant remained popular with many Americans,
but his attempt at an unprecedented third term incited a backlash, with
opponents charging him with "Caesarism" (i.e., hunger for power, even
dictatorship). Since no president (to that time) had ever served more than two
terms, and with reformers seeking to limit the presidency constitutionally to
one-term (voluntarily heeded by the current president, Rutherford B. Hayes),
Grant's desire for a third-term seemed undemocratic to many Americans.
Cartoonist Thomas Nast, who himself had emigrated as a child from Landau,
Bavaria (in 1880, part of a unified Germany), emphasizes the opposition to
Grant's candidacy by a group of German-Americans. Their spokesman is Jacob
Mueller, an ethnic German who had fled Tsarist Russia for the United States,
where he became lieutenant-governor of Ohio (1872-1874). Like Mueller, many
German immigrants had left oppressive governments in Europe to seek the
democratic freedoms which America offered, an experience that heightened their
sensitivity to any hint of the tyrannical consolidation of political power.
Notice that Grant's mode of transportation to the nomination is a sedan, a
conveyance for the royal and the rich which is borne on the shoulders of
servants or slaves.
Furthermore, many German-Americans, such as Interior Secretary Carl Schurz
(1877-1881), emphatically endorsed civil service reform, which Grant's Stalwart
wing of the Republican party opposed. In 1880, most Ohio Republicans were
supporting either Treasury Secretary John Sherman of Ohio or Senator James
Blaine of Maine. At the Republican convention, Grant would be the leading
vote-getter on 35 ballots before losing to compromise candidate James Garfield
of Ohio. |
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